Critically analyse India’s efforts to build indigenous capabilities in high-performance computing and telecom hardware with reference to the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM), the DIR-V RISC-V programme and 6G initiatives. (Answer in 250 words)

India’s push for indigenous high-performance computing and telecom hardware through initiatives like the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM), the Digital India RISC-V (DIR-V) programme and early moves towards 6G reflects an effort to reduce external dependence and build digital sovereignty in an era of data-driven geopolitics.