Explain the institutional architecture under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002—NBA, SBBs, and BMCs—and how access and benefit-sharing are enforced. (Answer in 150 words)

India’s Biological Diversity Act, 2002 operationalises access and benefit-sharing through a three-tier architecture: the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs) and local Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs).

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