Explain the Advance Informed Agreement (AIA) procedure under the Cartagena Protocol and distinguish it from the LMOs-FFP pathway. (Answer in 150 words)

The Cartagena Protocol governs transboundary movement of living modified organisms (LMOs). Its Advance Informed Agreement (AIA) lets importing states assess risks before first release; a lighter route exists for LMOs for food, feed or processing (LMOs-FFP).

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