Examine the mandate and instruments of the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) and evaluate India’s engagement, with reference to COP13 outcomes and the Central Asian Flyway. (Answer in 250 words)

The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species (CMS/Bonn Convention) is a UNEP-facilitated treaty that conserves migratory wildlife, their habitats and flyways through Appendix listings and cooperative instruments across range states.